Informational texts, more complex fantasy, realistic fiction, traditional literature (folktales), biographies, autobiographies, memoirs, mysteries, historical fiction, short stories, genre combinations, diaries • Many abstract themes requiring inferential thinking beyond the text • Texts with deeper meanings applicable to important human problems and social issues • Some more challenging themes (war, the environment) • Many new vocabulary words that depend on readers’ tools (such as glossaries) • Many new vocabulary words for readers to get meaning from context • Extensive use of figurative language (idioms, simile, metaphor) • Words that are seldom used in oral language and are difficult to decode • Many technical words that are difficult to decode • Nonfiction may contain a variety of complex graphics, often more than one on a page • Some nonfiction texts with graphics that have scales or legends that require understanding and interpretation

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