Informational texts, high fantasy and science fiction, realistic fiction, traditional literature (myths, legends), biographies, autobiographies, memoirs, mysteries, historical fiction, short stories, genre combinations, diaries, satire • Many texts with the complex structure of adult reading • Unusual text organizations (flashback, flash forward, time lapses) • Many new vocabulary words that readers must derive meaning from context or use glossaries or dictionaries • Critical thinking required to judge authenticity of informational texts, historical fiction, and biography • Many texts presenting mature societal issues, especially  those important to adolescents (family issues, growing up) • Wide range of challenging themes that build social awareness and reveal insights into the human condition • Some texts with heroic or larger‐than‐life characters who represent the symbolic struggle between good and evil • Full range of literary devices (for example, flashback, stories within stories, symbolism, and figurative language) • Some switching from setting to setting, including time change • Words that offer decoding challenges because they are archaic, come from regional dialect, or from languages other than English

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